The NFT Scheme Exploiting Artists

(MUSIC INTRO)

[00:00:02] Bob: Welcome to this week’s episode of The Perfect Scam.

[00:00:05] Douglas Newton: For months, I kept this to myself, always thinking it had to be a scam, but every time I searched online, I found no clear evidence of it. It felt like a nightmare. It was an awful experience, truly the worst I’ve ever faced.

(MUSIC SEGUE)

[00:00:27] Bob: We’re back on The Perfect Scam. I’m your host, Bob Sullivan.

(MUSIC SEGUE)

[00:00:32] Bob: If you’re an artist, there’s a phrase you’ve likely longed to hear: “I’d love to buy your painting.” It might be a moment you’ve dreamt about your entire life. Today’s guest has experienced that excitement. He’s had numerous gallery exhibitions, but when a new type of buyer reached out to him, it appeared to be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Let’s meet Douglas Newton. Some of you may aspire to follow in his footsteps. Douglas has always been a painter, and after retiring from his first career, he transformed his passion into a second one. I must admit, I adore his work, particularly his pieces focused on candy.

[00:01:17] Bob: I meant to prepare for this interview, but I found myself captivated by your website. Your artwork is stunning.

[00:01:26] Douglas Newton: Thank you so much!

[00:01:29] Bob: I’m currently fixated on your candy page, and it’s such a whimsical and delightful theme to paint. How did you first get into candy?

[00:01:40] Douglas Newton: A long time ago, someone suggested I paint a candy kiss. Once I did, everything bloomed from there. The foil’s reflections are fascinating; while the candy itself is rather dull, its wrappers are intriguing.

[00:01:58] Bob: Your manipulation of light is simply remarkable.

[00:02:02] Douglas Newton: Thank you! I don’t rely on photographs; I paint directly from what I set up in front of me.

[00:02:10] Bob: So you’re painting from direct observation?

[00:02:12] Douglas Newton: Exactly! I may alter a few details, but it’s mostly what I see.

[00:02:22] Bob: Given this is a podcast and I must describe visual art with words, which frightens me, I’ll put you on the spot. I’m looking at a collection of chocolate balls wrapped in multicolored foil on your candy page.

[00:02:42] Douglas Newton: Yes, that’s correct.

[00:02:44] Bob: What’s astounding is how each piece of candy reflects colors from the surrounding pieces. That’s your brilliance, right?

[00:02:56] Douglas Newton: Exactly. Their mutual reflections add intrigue.

[00:03:02] Bob: And I can see this piece has at least 50 colors in it?

[00:03:10] Douglas Newton: Ah, you’re looking at “Many Chocolates.” I’ve never used so many colors before; it was quite enjoyable. It’s still for sale too, no one has purchased it yet.

[00:03:25] Bob: That sounds like an immense effort with paint mixing.

[00:03:28] Douglas Newton: Yes, indeed. It’s all oil paint and stays wet for a day or two, allowing me to work back into it. Typically, I use at least two coats, and it requires time and careful observation. A magnifying glass on a stand helps too.

[00:03:50] Bob: Wow, I see why your paintings would attract buyers.

[00:03:54] Douglas Newton: I hope so! (chuckles) I sold six last year, which was nice. This year has been quieter, and you know, with all the economic fluctuations, who can say?

[00:04:13] Bob: Now 86, Douglas spent his entire career in advertising, but painting was a constant presence in his life.

[00:04:23] Douglas Newton: I painted, though not constantly. It was mostly weekends—lots of life drawing. Now, it’s a full-time endeavor.

[00:04:38] Bob: So you didn’t dive in out of nowhere; it took decades of honing your craft.

[00:04:42] Douglas Newton: Yes, I attended the Art Center School in Los Angeles many years ago.

[00:04:49] Bob: Douglas’s life underwent numerous changes upon retirement, which marked the start of his art career. He now resides in Brooklyn, but…

[00:04:58] Bob: How long have you been there?

[00:05:01] Douglas Newton: We’ve lived here for 19 years.

[00:05:03] Bob: Where were you before?

[00:05:04] Douglas Newton: We had a loft in SoHo in Manhattan.

[00:05:09] Bob: Quite a shift.

[00:05:11] Douglas Newton: Yes, it was. We bought a house with my daughter, son-in-law, and granddaughter. It’s been a wonderful experience. They live upstairs, and we’ve watched my granddaughter, Eva, grow up, which has been a true gift.

[00:05:25] Bob: That’s incredible.

[00:05:27] Douglas Newton: It wasn’t planned, but it worked out beautifully.

[00:05:34] Bob: Sounds like a TV series.

[00:05:36] Douglas Newton: (chuckles) We get along well. While we don’t share dinner every night, we enjoy family gatherings occasionally. We live separate lives while still being close.

[00:05:49] Bob: Your relocation seems to have coincided with the inception of your art career, correct?

[00:05:59] Douglas Newton: That’s right! I began painting full-time just after we moved.

[00:06:04] Bob: Shortly after, someone invited you for a small exhibition in Brooklyn?

[00:06:10] Douglas Newton: I’ve had numerous exhibitions—group and solo shows. If you check my Exhibitions page, you’ll find the details.

[00:06:23] Bob: Do you recall the moment when you sold your first painting and thought, “Wow, I’m now a professional artist?”

[00:06:29] Douglas Newton: (chuckles) I couldn’t say for sure; it must’ve been a long time ago. I think I even sold a few before my work retirement, primarily to friends.

[00:06:52] Bob: Online art exhibits have become vital for Douglas since health concerns complicate his ability to participate in person.

[00:07:03] Douglas Newton: I contracted West Nile Virus about seven years ago, so I’m not very mobile.

[00:07:10] Bob: Oh wow.

[00:07:11] Douglas Newton: It was quite severe. I spent three months in hospital, and the first month is a blur; I think I was half in a coma. Eventually, I underwent physical therapy where I learned to use a walker, which I still have. Now I mainly use a cane or hiking poles for longer walks, aiming to walk every other day.

[00:07:43] Bob: Navigating to a gallery is a different challenge entirely.

[00:07:50] Douglas Newton: The last time I took the subway, I fell flat on my back, so I quit that. Crowds can be hazardous.

[00:08:00] Bob: Hence, online galleries are even more crucial for someone in your situation?

[00:08:04] Douglas Newton: Absolutely. I would indeed prefer an exhibition in New York, but I’m currently showing at a Brooklyn gallery called Tabla Rasa. They offered me a solo show, which has been splendid. However, it doesn’t hold the same prestige as a city gallery.

[00:08:23] Bob: What are you showcasing in that exhibition?

[00:08:27] Douglas Newton: The theme was “Hard Candy,” featuring all my candy paintings. (chuckles) While I dislike repetitive work, those pieces seem to sell well. Right now, I’m focused on a still-life of eggplant and a wine bottle—a refreshing change.

[00:08:48] Bob: That’s for the adults; the candy’s for the kids.

[00:08:50] Douglas Newton: Indeed! I enjoy varying my subjects.

[00:08:54] Bob: You began showing your art online relatively early, correct?

[00:09:03] Douglas Newton: Yes, I started with Saatchi around 2009. I’ve been with them for quite some time.

[00:09:10] Bob: At some point, the concept of NFTs crossed your path—did you discover them on your own or through outreach?

[00:09:18] Douglas Newton: I was approached; I had a vague understanding of what they were. I received offers to convert my work into NFTs, which required the artist to convert it themselves at a cost of a few hundred dollars. I hesitated.

[00:09:36] Bob: NFTs, or Non-Fungible Tokens, represent a digital piece of art that has mathematical assurance of its uniqueness. Thus, some believe owning an NFT holds value akin to physical art. Like cryptocurrency, NFTs carry substantial investment risk. They can be perplexing to create. Douglas initially rejected the idea of converting his art into NFTs until…

[00:10:27] Douglas Newton: I was initially skeptical but received a LinkedIn message from a woman named Ernestine Vigil from Albuquerque, New Mexico. She appreciated my work and expressed interest in converting one of them into an NFT for sale.

[00:10:48] Bob: So, Douglas engaged in LinkedIn conversations with Ernestine.

[00:10:53] Douglas Newton: I found her approach intriguing because she claimed she could successfully sell my work. She selected a piece from my website, a pastel drawing of two figures from a life drawing class, asserting she could sell it.

[00:11:12] Bob: Significantly, she would cover the NFT conversion expenses—the cost of several hundred dollars—along with all the necessary work. What was the risk? Douglas consented.

[00:11:24] Douglas Newton: They prepared a contract, which I filled out and sent back. She didn’t overly flatter me, instead outlining what needed to be done and how much money I would earn, and the figure kept rising.

[00:11:41] Bob: After completing the paperwork, he set up a crypto account as instructed. Two months passed until Douglas received astonishing news.

[00:11:53] Douglas Newton: I anticipated being satisfied if I could sell the piece for $1,000—being just a drawing and all. She told me she could sell it for $49,000—and then confirmed it actually sold for that amount.

[00:12:13] Bob: She sold the NFT for $49,000?! Incredible.

[00:12:19] Douglas Newton: It felt like free money since I never imagined selling it. I thought, “Wow, I can surprise my family with this unexpected financial windfall.” I kept it a secret initially.

[00:12:33] Bob: Your thoughts drifted toward potential uses, perhaps college funds for kids or home repairs?

[00:12:38] Douglas Newton: Exactly! I considered repairs around the house. Not that it required much, but surely extra money would be wonderful.

[00:12:49] Bob: However, as the subsequent months unfolded, even more remarkable news arrived: the NFT resold for an even higher price, entitling him to more than $300,000.

[00:13:05] Douglas Newton: I asked, “Great, where’s the money?” She informed me, “Oh, it sold for much more, but you need to cover sales tax and what they refer to as ‘internet fees’—referred to as ‘gas’ in the field.” This led to requests for money.

[00:13:28] Bob: Initially, the requests were modest—a thousand dollars for sales tax and internet fees. Douglas sent that amount to her via his new cryptocurrency account. Then she needed several thousand more, and as time passed, her requests escalated. Douglas lacked that kind of cash.

[00:13:48] Douglas Newton: In the end, I secured a personal loan from Citibank for $4,000 and maxed out multiple credit cards.

[00:13:57] Bob: He transferred money using PayPal, but faced limits. Ernestine requested funds almost daily for several weeks until…

[00:14:09] Douglas Newton: I can’t recall the exact figures, but it was around $2,000 a day they permitted me to send, and somehow, I managed to exhaust $100,000.

[00:14:19] Bob: Give me some context—at one point, did she say, “Great news! It’s sold for $150,000, but you need to provide $20,000?” What numbers can you recall?

[00:14:30] Douglas Newton: That’s how it transpired. Our exchanges occurred solely on LinkedIn. I never spoke to her over the phone, keeping all communication within LinkedIn and eventually shifting to emails.

[00:14:47] Bob: Douglas maxed out his credit cards and looked for other funds to free the anticipated NFT riches.

[00:14:57] Douglas Newton: I ended up selling all my IRAs to fund the required payments into Citibank, converting the assets into cash.

[00:15:06] Bob: What was the highest single amount she ever asked for?

[00:15:11] Douglas Newton: Around $20,000, I think.

[00:15:16] Bob: Yet, he remained convinced of the upcoming payout. His cryptocurrency account appeared to verify his success.

[00:15:23] Douglas Newton: Ultimately, she stated I would receive $310,000.

[00:15:30] Bob: You could see that amount in your account, indicating $300,000 worth of bitcoin, correct?

[00:15:36] Douglas Newton: Yes, exactly—$310,000. They demanded another $10,000 to acquire the key unlocking my funds. That was the final cost.

[00:15:53] Bob: These solicitations were enticing, suggesting that a little more payment would unlock this money.

[00:15:59] Douglas Newton: Regrettably, I sent all my IRAs from Vanguard to them.

[00:16:06] Bob: While all this was happening, Douglas withheld the truth from his family. He hoped to surprise them with the impending fortune. However, after that last request, anxiety set in.

[00:16:19] Douglas Newton: For months, I kept my thoughts to myself, repeatedly thinking, “This must be a scam,” but couldn’t find definitive proof online. It become a nightmare—a truly dreadful experience, probably the worst I’ve ever endured.

[00:16:36] Bob: I’m so sorry to hear that.

[00:16:39] Douglas Newton: I kept everything to myself, believing I’d astonish my family with $310,000. But once they solicited more funds than I had in my IRAs, it finally dawned on me—I had been scammed. It took reaching that point for me to recognize the truth.

[00:17:10] Bob: That realization must have been crushing.

[00:17:15] Douglas Newton: The sheer sadness of having poured all my money into something non-existent—just empty promises. I remember waking up frequently at night, researching everything I could think of online, terrified. Ultimately, I never found concrete evidence against them. Doubts grew as hope diminished. When they asked for that additional $10,000, which I lacked, I finally confessed everything to my wife and children. That was a truly terrible day.

[00:17:56] Bob: An exceptionally tough day.

[00:18:00] Bob: How did that conversation with your family unfold?

[00:18:03] Douglas Newton: It was horrifying. They initially struggled to believe me. I showed them the figures to clarify.

[00:18:12] Bob: Douglas’s son traveled home to assist him in managing the aftermath.

[00:18:18] Douglas Newton: My son lives in Vermont. He came down, and we both attempted to find a solution. We visited the police and the Brooklyn District Attorney’s office, who were quite supportive. They informed us that the money was likely lost. They traced some calls and emails and believed the funds proceeded to Europe and ultimately Nigeria, among other countries, indicating a wider network behind this scheme, with her merely serving as their representative.

[00:18:58] Bob: DA Eric Gonzalez has taken a keen interest in NFT and crypto scams and recently created a task force dedicated to this issue.

[00:19:11] DA Eric Gonzalez: We encountered Douglas, an 85-year-old victim who had invested his life savings trying to reclaim funds he believed he earned by selling NFTs online.

[00:19:32] Bob: Reporting was crucial; through his case, they discovered other artists had fallen prey to the same deception.

[00:19:41] DA Eric Gonzalez: Initially, many feel embarrassed about reporting these crimes. The scammers are skilled at targeting individuals, recognizing that countless artists throughout America are seeking online sales avenues. They spoof legitimate sites and lure artists into signing fake contracts. When their art appears to sell, they demand fees, taxes, and more, often leaving victims deep in debt just to retrieve nonexistent funds.

[00:21:26] Bob: The DA’s office encounters a consistent stream of victims with heartrending tales.

[00:21:33] DA Eric Gonzalez: Unfortunately, many have mortgaged their homes or maxed out credit cards, losing their entire savings in the process. Every time we hear one of these stories, it underscores the necessity of our work, but sadly, many victims will never recover their funds as the money vanishes to foreign accounts.

[00:22:44] Bob: By coming forward, Douglas helped shield others from similar experiences, right?

[00:22:49] DA Eric Gonzalez: Absolutely! His bravery raises awareness about these scams. He should not feel ashamed. He was simply an artist trying to market his beautiful creations. Without proper regulation, these are the consequences. This is why we need government oversight to combat such issues online, as the lack of brick-and-mortar stores complicates investigations.

[00:24:13] Bob: Douglas lost all his retirement savings to the criminals. It’s a slow recovery process.

[00:24:24] Bob: How are you feeling now?

[00:24:25] Douglas Newton: I’ve settled my debts, but my IRAs are just gone—money I saved for years. Vanguard informed me that unless they hacked into my account, they couldn’t assist me. Citibank and Chase were sympathetic but offered no support.

[00:24:58] Bob: NFTs have evidently impacted artists like you. Can you share your thoughts on that?

[00:25:06] Douglas Newton: It’s perplexing. I’ve heard many of them are worthless. It’s baffling that an NFT could hold more value than the artist’s actual work. I’ve often wondered why you wouldn’t simply buy the painting and create your own NFTs. Yet, the initial NFT has to be made by the artist and then sold. Yet the prices offered seem magnitudes higher than the physical artwork: my pieces sell for a maximum of $2,500, maybe $3,000 for larger works, while most hover around $2,000, leaving me less than wealthy.

[00:26:13] Bob: What an odd world.

[00:26:15] Douglas Newton: Indeed. I want nothing to do with it anymore. I never want to hear about bitcoin or ETH again.

[00:26:25] Bob: Has this ordeal influenced your art in any way?

[00:26:27] Douglas Newton: Not at all! I just try to focus on my work and avoid overthinking things. I feel foolish and vulnerable.

[00:26:40] Bob: Those terms carry different implications. Your experiences can provide valuable lessons.

[00:26:49] Douglas Newton: Probably, but I felt vulnerable, not foolish.

[00:26:51] Bob: I’m relieved you can still pursue your art. That resilience is commendable.

[00:27:01] Douglas Newton: It’s simply what I do and enjoy. Finding time can be tricky amid household chores, and since the scam, I’ve had to change everything. My children insisted I modify my email, phone number, and bank account due to fears of potential hacking.

[00:27:26] Bob: That sounds time-consuming.

[00:27:27] Douglas Newton: It was, and I’m still encouraging people to use my new email. Though it was necessary, I resent having to make those changes.

[00:27:40] Bob: This experience has heightened his caution towards unsolicited emails and connection requests.

[00:27:46] Douglas Newton: Even now, with my new email, I receive scam messages claiming I’ve had $4,000 deducted from my PayPal—how they ask people to call them! Now, I just go to PayPal directly to check.

[00:28:09] Bob: I even heard someone claiming, “We know you were scammed. We can assist in recovering your money.”

[00:28:13] Douglas Newton: Oh yes, those pop up constantly.

[00:28:18] Bob: Such scams are rampant.

[00:28:21] Bob: Our goal in sharing these stories is to educate others and prevent them from falling victim, right?

[00:28:28] Douglas Newton: I sincerely hope so. That’s the motivation behind my participation.

[00:28:32] Bob: Yes, your honesty matters, and self-blame won’t help anyone.

[00:28:38] Douglas Newton: Certainly. The scammers are everywhere. I still receive odd messages from individuals wanting to buy my artwork or NFTs, but I simply ignore them.

[00:28:56] Bob: I hope we convey the nuanced manipulation behind such scams, showcasing how truly enticing they can be.

[00:29:04] Douglas Newton: Absolutely, I maintain a presence on Instagram and Facebook mainly for exposure, but that’s where many of these strange requests come my way.

[00:29:16] Bob: What message do you want to share with others, based on your experiences?

[00:29:20] Douglas Newton: Be extraordinarily cautious and skeptical. Don’t take everything at face value. Had I been more vigilant, I wouldn’t have proceeded. The first request for money should’ve raised a red flag.

[00:29:44] Bob: Solid advice; it’s crucial to remember that you shouldn’t have to spend money to earn money.

[00:29:51] Douglas Newton: Exactly, you should not.

[00:29:54] Bob: One central point Douglas emphasizes is that even though he was aware of scams, this one felt uniquely tailored to him. We often discuss this theme on The Perfect Scam.

[00:30:06] Douglas Newton: I’m aware of romance and investment scams, but this was mine, specifically targeting an artist, which felt more legitimate at the time.

[00:30:24] Bob: It’s remarkably cruel how this scam targets artists who strive to make a living and long to sell their work.

[00:30:39] DA Eric Gonzalez: Absolutely, artists like Douglas should be able to sell their work without potential victimization. He did nothing wrong; he merely trusted those he interacted with.

[00:31:09] Bob: When receiving an inquiry about a painting, that’s typically a dream scenario. They are exploiting that very hope.

[00:31:17] DA Eric Gonzalez: These stories are all tragic.

[00:31:20] Bob: NFTs are akin to cryptocurrency, and scams in this realm have escalated, prompting the Brooklyn DA to form a task force named The Virtual Currency Unit.

[00:31:36] DA Eric Gonzalez: This initiative emerged due to the numerous cases involving scams where individuals believed they could profit from crypto investments, only to discover they were deceived.

[00:31:57] Bob: When the task force hears from victims, they strive to recover stolen funds, but…

[00:32:06] Bob: It’s often a race against time with active crime scenes, correct?

[00:32:09] DA Eric Gonzalez: Absolutely. I recall the unit leader mentioning having mere seconds to freeze a transaction before it transfers out—money exchanged across platforms, swiftly converted multiple times before ending up elsewhere.

[00:32:37] Bob: Thirty seconds would be nerve-wracking to manage.

[00:32:42] DA Eric Gonzalez: Right. The unit utilizes advanced software to monitor transactions, pinpointing fraudulent activity almost in real-time for freezing before leaving an American marketplace, but most often, by the time victims report their scams, the money is already gone.

[00:33:21] Bob: Brooklyn has become a hot spot for these crypto crimes. Any specific reasons?

[00:33:27] DA Eric Gonzalez: We began observing it across various communities. With Brooklyn’s diverse populations, there’s often less trust in law enforcement, allowing scammers to exploit this vulnerability without hindrance.

[00:34:13] Bob: Some reports suggest Brooklyn faces disproportionate fraud incidents compared to other regions, correct?

[00:34:21] DA Eric Gonzalez: Yes, in 2023, Brooklyn accounted for 60% of such crimes documented across the NYPD’s five boroughs, indicating a significant targeting trend likely due to the multitude of ethnic enclaves.

[00:34:53] Bob: There’s a cultural connection as well—Russian to Russian, for instance?

[00:34:57] DA Eric Gonzalez: Absolutely, we’ve noted that trend, leading to more targeted incidents.

[00:35:01] Bob: One approach this unit took was shutting down numerous websites particularly aimed at Russians.

[00:35:08] DA Eric Gonzalez: Many scams begin with social media or direct engagement, where victims are led to seemingly legitimate websites. Unfortunately, these are elaborate hoaxes designed solely to extract money from victims. There’s even been usage of AI for initial contact, transitioning to real scammers seamlessly thereafter.

[00:36:13] Bob: The investigations involved seizing domains from fraudulent sites, right?

[00:36:21] DA Eric Gonzalez: Correct, we had to obtain court orders to close down these deceiving websites, with around 300 being successfully seized. Upon seizing them, a notice is displayed that states the site is no longer operational and was taken down by our office.

[00:37:18] Bob: The heartbreaking narratives unfolding during these investigations are numerous.

[00:37:23] DA Eric Gonzalez: Many victims lose their entire life savings—often older individuals, some even drove long distances seeking assistance. Their stories of regret are heartbreaking.

[00:38:24] Bob: Recently, there’s been a growing trend of scams that blend together, exacerbating the situation.

[00:38:31] DA Eric Gonzalez: And romantic scams on dating platforms are among the most alarming trends. Scammers develop relationships with victims, sharing their supposed crypto success, and soon end up persuading people to invest unwittingly.

[00:39:20] Bob: It’s an uphill battle against this constant tide of fraud.

[00:39:23] DA Eric Gonzalez: Absolutely, the crypto space remains largely unregulated, making it easier for scammers to proliferate without consequences.

[00:39:26] Bob: Initiatives to enhance consumer education and protection are essential.

[00:39:32] DA Eric Gonzalez: Definitely. It’s critical for financial institutions to adequately train employees to help suspicious customers. Many seniors unaccustomed to wire transfers can unwittingly walk into a bank and request substantial sums, raising flags with tellers who haven’t been properly educated on engaging clients.

[00:40:12] Bob: Consumers also must take proactive measures.

[00:40:15] DA Eric Gonzalez: Verify the authenticity of websites or individuals you engage with online. Always check links independently rather than through unexpected messages, and ensure all contact information matches what you know. Asking fellow artists or professionals about companies can prevent falling victim.

[00:42:12] Bob: If you’ve suspected fraudulent activity where you’ve sent money, it’s imperative to contact law enforcement immediately.

[00:42:19] DA Eric Gonzalez: And if you suspect wrongdoing after sending money, do not continue feeding funds into the scam. Contact authorities right away, as we may have a chance to catch perpetrators in the act.

[00:42:57] Bob: Significantly, if you become a victim, don’t let shame deter you from seeking help.

[00:43:03] DA Eric Gonzalez: Absolutely, I encourage anyone affected not to feel embarrassed to report. The only way to combat these malefactors is for people to come forward. We aim to expand our efforts continuously to support people like Douglas.

(MUSIC SEGUE)

[00:43:43] Bob: I’m Bob Sullivan for The Perfect Scam.

(MUSIC SEGUE)

[00:43:51] Bob: If you’ve encountered a scam or fraud, remember—you’re not alone. Reach out to the AARP Fraud Watch Network Helpline at 877-908-3360. Their expert fraud specialists can provide free support and guidance on your next steps. You can reach us at The Perfect Scam via email: theperfectscampodcast@aarp.org. We want to hear your stories. If you’ve been scammed, or know of someone who has, contact us at the same email address. A sincere thank you to our scambuster team: Associate Producer Annalea Embree; Researcher Becky Dodson; Executive Producer Julie Getz; and our Audio Engineer and Sound Designer Julio Gonzalez. You can find us on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you enjoy listening. For AARP’s The Perfect Scam, I’m Bob Sullivan.

(MUSIC OUTRO)

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